Geography
The Republic of Moldova is in Eastern Europe and is bordered by Romania and Ukraine.

Chisinau is the capital city. Other major cities include Tiraspol, Balti and Bender.

The terrain of Moldova consists of plains, hilly steppes and river valleys. The main rivers are the Dniester and the Prut.

The climate of Moldova is continental with warm summers and moderate winters.

Environment
Moldova has a number of rivers and lakes. Forests and woodlands cover around nine percent of the country. Trees in the region are oak, beech and poplar.

Plants and wildlife are conserved in Moldova's nature reserves. The Padurea Domneasca Reserve, in the River Prut area, is home to many species of birds. Other wildlife living in the country are bats, badgers, deer, wild boar and wolves.

There are a considerable number of non-government organizations involved in environmental protection.

Architecture
Networks of fortifications have been constructed in Moldova at various times. The first defences were built during the Roman occupation and known as "Trajan's Waves". Later examples of fortifications are from the medieval period. Sorocca Fortress, on the Nistru River, was one of nine stone fortresses built at this time.

There are also many religious buildings from Moldova's past. In Tipova there is a large Orthodox monastery built into cliffs. Other monasteries include Capriana Monastery and the Holy Trinity Monastery of Saharna.

A variety of architectural styles can be seen in the capital city of Chisinau. For example, eighteenth century and nineteenth century churches, Russian classical architecture of the nineteenth century and twentieth century flats and office blocks.

Population
The population of Moldova was estimated at 4,324,450 in 2008.

Languages
Moldovan, similar to Romanian, is the official language.

Religion
The majority of Moldovans belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Food
Moldovan cuisine includes soups, stews, and meat and fish dishes accompanied by vegetables and salads. Vegetables are pickled, salted and canned.

Mamaliga, made from maize, is a staple food. This is served with meat, cheese and cream. Mititei, grilled minced meat, and stuffed cabbage leaves are also popular.

Biscuits, cakes and pies are baked. Compotes and jams are usually made at home. Fruit available includes apples, grapes, plums, raspberries, strawberries and watermelons.

There are a number of vineyards in Moldova and brandy and vodka are produced locally. Non-alcoholic drinks include fruit juices and mineral water. Tea is also a favourite drink.

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